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Tic Tac Toe in C#
This example is based on the program TicTac from the book Programming Windows 95
with MFC by Jeff Prosise. There is a newer edition called
Programming Windows With MFC .
I chose this example to learn how to handle mouse events in C# and .NET.
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
namespace TicTac
{
public class FTicTac : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private int[] m_nGameGrid;
private int m_nNextChar;
private Rectangle[] m_rcSquares;
private const int EX = 1;
private const int OH = 2;
private bool m_bDoubleClick = false;
private System.ComponentModel.Container
components = null;
public FTicTac()
{
InitializeComponent();
m_nNextChar = EX;
m_nGameGrid = new int[9];
m_rcSquares = new Rectangle[9];
Size size = new Size( 96, 96 );
for( int j = 0 ; j < 9 ; j++ )
{
m_rcSquares[j].Size = size;
}
m_rcSquares[0].Offset( 16, 16 );
m_rcSquares[1].Offset( 128, 16 );
m_rcSquares[2].Offset( 240, 16 );
m_rcSquares[3].Offset( 16, 128 );
m_rcSquares[4].Offset( 128, 128 );
m_rcSquares[5].Offset( 240, 128 );
m_rcSquares[6].Offset( 16, 240 );
m_rcSquares[7].Offset( 128, 240 );
m_rcSquares[8].Offset( 240, 240 );
}
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
{
if (components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose( disposing );
}
#region Windows Form Designer generated code
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 273);
this.Name = "FTicTac";
this.Text = "Tic Tac Toe";
}
#endregion
[STAThread] static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new FTicTac());
}
protected override void OnMouseDown( MouseEventArgs e )
{
switch( e.Button )
{
case MouseButtons.Left:
OnLButtonDown( new Point( e.X, e.Y ) );
break;
case MouseButtons.Right:
OnRButtonDown( new Point( e.X, e.Y ) );
break;
}
base.OnMouseDown( e );
}
private void OnLButtonDown( Point p )
{
if( m_bDoubleClick )
{
m_bDoubleClick = false;
return;
}
if( m_nNextChar != EX )
{
return;
}
int nPos = GetRectID( p );
if( nPos == -1 )
{
return;
}
if( m_nGameGrid[nPos] != 0 )
{
return;
}
m_nNextChar = OH;
m_nGameGrid[nPos] = EX;
Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics();
DrawX( g, nPos );
g.Dispose();
CheckForGameOver();
}
private void OnRButtonDown( Point p )
{
if( m_bDoubleClick )
{
m_bDoubleClick = false;
return;
}
if( m_nNextChar != OH )
{
return;
}
int nPos = GetRectID( p );
if( nPos == -1 )
{
return;
}
if( m_nGameGrid[nPos] != 0 )
{
return;
}
m_nNextChar = EX;
m_nGameGrid[nPos] = OH;
Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics();
DrawO( g, nPos );
g.Dispose();
CheckForGameOver();
}
protected override void OnDoubleClick( EventArgs e )
{
m_bDoubleClick = true;
ResetGame();
base.OnDoubleClick( e );
}
protected override void OnPaint( PaintEventArgs pe )
{
Graphics g = pe.Graphics;
DrawBoard( g );
}
private int GetRectID( Point p )
{
for( int i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
{
if( m_rcSquares[i].Contains( p ) )
{
return( i );
}
}
return( -1 );
}
private void DrawBoard( Graphics g )
{
Pen myPen = new Pen( Color.Black, 16 );
g.DrawLine( myPen, 120, 16, 120, 336 );
g.DrawLine( myPen, 232, 16, 232, 336 );
g.DrawLine( myPen, 16, 120, 336, 120 );
g.DrawLine( myPen, 16, 232, 336, 232 );
for( int i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
{
if( m_nGameGrid[i] == EX )
{
DrawX( g, i );
}
else if( m_nGameGrid[i] == OH )
{
DrawO( g, i );
}
}
myPen.Dispose();
}
private void DrawX( Graphics g, int nPos )
{
Pen myPen = new Pen( Color.Red, 16 );
g.DrawLine( myPen, m_rcSquares[nPos].Left+16, m_rcSquares[nPos].Top+16,
m_rcSquares[nPos].Right-16, m_rcSquares[nPos].Bottom-16 );
g.DrawLine( myPen, m_rcSquares[nPos].Left+16, m_rcSquares[nPos].Bottom-16,
m_rcSquares[nPos].Right-16, m_rcSquares[nPos].Top+16 );
myPen.Dispose();
}
private void DrawO( Graphics g, int nPos )
{
Pen myPen = new Pen( Color.Blue, 16 );
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();
rect = m_rcSquares[nPos];
rect.Inflate( -16, -16 );
g.DrawEllipse( myPen, rect );
myPen.Dispose();
}
private void ResetGame()
{
m_nNextChar = EX;
for( int j = 0 ; j < m_nGameGrid.Length ; j++ )
{
m_nGameGrid[j] = 0;
}
this.Invalidate();
}
private void CheckForGameOver()
{
int nWinner = IsWinner();
switch( nWinner )
{
case 0:
if( IsDraw() )
{
MessageBox.Show( "It's a draw!", "Tic Tac Toe" );
ResetGame();
}
break;
case EX:
MessageBox.Show( "X Wins!", "Tic Tac Toe" );
ResetGame();
break;
case OH:
MessageBox.Show( "O Wins!", "Tic Tac Toe" );
ResetGame();
break;
}
}
private int IsWinner()
{
int[,] nPattern =
{
{ 0, 1, 2 },
{ 3, 4, 5 },
{ 6, 7, 8 },
{ 0, 3, 6 },
{ 1, 4, 7 },
{ 2, 5, 8 },
{ 0, 4, 8 },
{ 2, 4, 6 }
};
for( int i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
{
if( ( m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i,0]] == EX )
&& ( m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i,1]] == EX )
&& ( m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i,2]] == EX ) )
{
return( EX );
}
if( ( m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i,0]] == OH )
&& ( m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i,1]] == OH )
&& ( m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i,2]] == OH ) )
{
return( OH );
}
}
return( 0 );
}
private bool IsDraw()
{
for( int i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
{
if( m_nGameGrid[i] == 0 )
{
return( false );
}
}
return( true );
}
}
}
The properties for the Form which appear in InitializeComponent() were set
using the Properties Window. When modifying these, or other properties, use the
Properties Window instead of editing the code.
The OnMouseDown() event occurs twice during a double click, in addition to
OnDoubleClick(). The second OnMouseDown() occurs after OnDoubleClick(),
so I set a flag to cause the OnLButtonDown() and OnRButtonDown() functions
to return immediately. This code could be moved to OnMouseDown(), but needs
to be done so as not to skip the base.OnMouseDown( e ) call.
To zero my array in the ResetGame() function, I tried m_nGameGrid.Initialize,
but this did not work. Checking the documentation, I found this:
CAUTION This method can only be used on value types that have
constructors, and value types that are native to C# do not have constructors.
If you want to trigger a call to OnPaint() use this.Invalidate().
To draw outside the OnPaint() function, obtain a graphics object using Graphics g
= this.CreateGraphics().
wburris at telusplanet dot net |
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